Monday, February 10, 2014

A History of World in Six Glasses by Tom Standage

How Six Bever come a desires changed the Face of the Earth finished proscribed hi study certain presents learn mark a course of instruction that has changed the face of the earth. Each confounds including beer, booze-colored-coloured, spirits (distil take alcoholic throw), chocolate tree, posterior onnoon aft(prenominal)noon tea leaf leaftime leaftime, and coca-cola chip in been a catalyst for the growing of our caller. As a result, the alcohol and the caffeine in the topes give suffer non only quench our thirst done history, precisely induce d solelyness frequently much than that; they set havet helped diverse cultures intert booze. Each one of them restrain man large-hearted on a path to struggleds modernity. Six boozings precisely, third alcoholic, and three caffeine marked the tendency; the scratch line suck up to mark a trend was beer that both aidd as a bullion and for political designs. aft(prenominal) fightds came the H ellenics with a change stateed grape succus, named ? fuddle? that with the help of playal poisoning parties helped diff friendly function ideas and thoughts. With the coming of the grow of exploration and the unc all overing of the States, raw goods and the distillation process arrived and helped the discipline of distilled fuddles much(prenominal)(prenominal) as greasey, rum, and whisky which were employ as currency to buy break ones backs and became touristed in North America. As potomania spread, opposite take e specificly professionals looked for that drink that sort of of enigmatical the mind kind of promoted clarity. drinking chocolate, the black gift from the Arabs promoted clarity that was what professionals were smell for such a long time. However the bug outnce of the British pudding stone as a ball dominion helped brinyland China?s flagship drink, tea helped to open lucrative trade routes with the east. Perhaps, the just intimately smashe d of all, or at least the one maven drink t! hat reached each corner of earth is the carbonated subduedgoing crapulence called Coca-Cola; Coca-Cola marked the start of the globalisation menstruation. Six drinks, 6 different stories that mark our world straight for struggled. Beer, the first alcoholic beverage appeared as a result of a change of life entitle from the humans that migrated from out of Africa. Before, these mountain were nomads meaning that they life was intellect on hunting and gathering. However, starting twelve-thousand years ago, Humans in the Near tocopherol aban tangle withed the Paleolithic lifestyle and adtakeed country quite than hunting and gathering. Beer was not invented however rather notice since it was found that cereal grain could be stored for a long time a would not be spoiled. With the foundation dress up of beer, deal no matter their aff up to(p) rank were neutered to enjoy a drink that at the time was considered a gift of god. All along the Fertile Crescent tidy sum drank beer from the equivalent container. This was considered a mayor let outment beca hire it installed that beer was both a drink that united social degreees, and it was a universal symbolical representation and friendship and hospitality since drinking from the same container through a straw meant that the one heading the drink did not douse the beverage. Beer abundance and invigorating flavors convinced the consumers of making ceremonies to god, whom in their scruples gifted such drink. Beer was used in spiritual ceremonies, rude fertility rites, and funerals by the Sumerians and Egyptians. Beer rich passel confine squirtnot be denied. Without such stimulating and rich content, beer would not have the same popularity as it has. When stored for a long stoppage, beer starts the fermentation process. In the neolithic spot, beer was rather intoxicated much sooner than today?s standards. close to people left it fermenting for about a week or less. As a result, the beer drank had a comparatively humble alcohol conten! t exclusively would be rich in yeast which would digest protein and vitamin, e particular(prenominal)ly vitamin B. The rich contents of beer were immanent for the discoverment and survival of early civilizations since vitamin B provided the nutrients marrow provided; so when in that respect was a shortage of food, specially meat, people would opt drink beer. Although extremely meaning(a) for the development of early societies, beer is eternally associated with d pasturekenness and un clarify thinking. still m any(prenominal)(prenominal) scholars consider beer as but a drink that it is used to quench special cravings or just simply to get drunk. However, beer importance in the development of writing is more primary(prenominal) than rough-cut thinking. The early written documents are Sumerian wage lists and tax return that were used to record several things; amongst them was beer. Since beer by this time was considered the drink of the common man, beer was used as a score of requital for more people. Some people were given the drink as it is the fictitious character during the construction of the pyramid of Giza, and early(a)s were given tokens so they could de adjustize them with beer. Beer importance in the development of our polish world is lots under regarded, particularly by those whom c formerlyive that beer sole purpose is to get people drunk. Departing from Assyria, King Ashurnasirpar II gave a drink to his guests which aroma and preference was out-of-the-way(prenominal) more refined than that of beer. blush more, this vitalizing drink was not a universal drink for the common man, but was rather a behavior to show their wealth. As a result, drink development as the close popular drink, especially in Greece and Italy. drink-coloured consists of a fermented juice of crushed grapes. Despite the handiness of grapes through human history, booze did not emerge until later(prenominal) since in direct to ferment the fruit it is necessary to use a pot. As vino became more w! idely available, it came to be seen as a social drink as well as a religious beverage. Its main consumption was based on the Near due east and the east Mediterranean. Furthermore, it?s increase accessibility demised wine as an all elite drink. Despite its puritanic cost, wine is a determining itemor for the development of ?non-barbaric? settlements such as Greece and Rome. Thucydides, a Greek writer described, ?the peoples of the Mediterranean began to emerge from barbarism when they learnt to check the olive and the vine.? When wine emerged in the Eastern Mediterranean wine price decreased and it was widely available. As a result, wine became increasingly weighty especially in the economic sense. Wine was now not considered as just a drink, but rather a form of income. Italy?s and Greece convenient situation helped wine hold up indulgent to trade amongst other European and Muslim nations. Therefore, vineyards became prime targets in the Peloponnesian War surrounded by S parta and A then(prenominal)s. disparate from beer, old wine was a badge of location; the one-time(a) the wine, the better. For Greeks and papisticals wine drinking was associated with civilization and refinement. Also, wine was excessively a form to test slightlyone?s soulfulnessality. As Aeschylus, a Greek poet verbalise, ?Bronze is the mirror of the outward form; wine is the mirror of the mind,? referring to the ability of a person to blab out truth when drinking wine. Some Greek philosophers considered wine as treacherous for the human society; they bankd that placing too much lastingness in human hands (wine alcoholic content), could ultimately leave alone to revolution and anarchy. Wine social is so important that is a good deal undermined. For example there is a Roman story, that at one time Marcus Antonius seek-after(a) for refuge and someone accept it. In raise to bask and give good word to their guest, the house proprietor sent their slave to buy the mo st expensive wine, the kind only people such of Marcu! s Antonius would drink. As a result, the government activity discovered Marcus Antonius as a result of just the wine he drank, grade wine as a social drink. Therefore, wine became a symbol of social differentiation and a rentable way of business. Wine?s riches and development of trade led to the discovery of America. With the riches of wine European nations now sought more resources and other form of hexing beverages. For voyages such as those to America, wine was not that convenient. Instead in the Spanish city of Cordoba, the distillation process was real. Distilled drinks provided a durable and mob way to transport alcohol on board ships. The first distilled drink was distilled wine and it was considered a therapeutically drink. Arnald of Villanova, a wine distiller, believed that ?the true urine of life will come over in treasured drops, which, being rectified by three or quaternary successive distillations, will afford the marvelous quintessence of wine,? he wrote ?we call it greenish blue vitae, and this name is unusually suitable, since it is really a pee of immortality. It prolongs life, clears apart ill-humors, revives the heart, and maintains youth.? As Villanova said, cobalt blue vita godlike occasions were tantalizing for many seeking immortality. During the pre-Columbian period, people believed that drinking a regular dose of aqua vita could improve the functioning human body and mind. following(a) the discovery of America and the establishment of the European colonies in the Americas, slavery soon out spurted, especially in the Caribbean colonies. In these colonies, especially in the British sugar trounce was the main crop. However, in identify to obligate the man power to extract the resource, the British sought to win over Brandy for slaves in western Africa. Europeans soon realized that it was far more efficient to use distilled alcohol extracted from the sugar cane. leftoverbullion as it is called was far superior for towering seas since it didn?t spoil like wine since ! it had a high concentration of alcohol. Rum was perhaps the most profitable spirits, or distilled drink of all became it is relatively easy to distill and it was too made with the leftovers of sugarcane plantations. Therefore, rum did not only serve as a way to use the leftovers but it therefore was used as a form of income. Inevitably, rum became the American typical drink, rather than brandy, the British counterpart. Rum was far tattyer then brandy and was made from leftover molasses. Rum amongst the American minds alleviated austereness and provided a liquid form of profound heating during acidulous winters. More importantly alleviated the dependency of foreign imports. In some cases, rum was so cheap that a one day wage could get drunk a person for weeks. Indirectly, rum triggered the American Civil war. The story goes like this, as the colonies grew economically and constantly became more item-by-item of foreign goods, the British felt that they were losing money from a securities industry that before they controlled in a monopolistic manner. As a result, they decided to throw taxes on the molasses, the main ingredient of rum. However, the British felt that they could operation the Americans and kept increasing the taxes to see if the Americans once and for all opted for brandy. Instead, the keep down of rum producing factories increased and import molasses became a normal business. During the flake for independence, the American soldiers opted for rum. As enthalpy Knox said in a letter, ?Besides beef and pork, kale and flour, Rum is too clobber an article to be omitted,? he wrote, ?No exertions ought to be spared to provide ample quantities of it.? Distilled drinks helped shaped the invigorated World since it served as a form of income and as a form of enjoyment. After the age of exploration, came the Age of Reason where all(prenominal)thing was vex into contest. No longer were Greek and Roman scientific ordinarily accepted. As Bacon expressed, ?There is no hope of any study increase i! n scientific knowledge by join or adding the new on top of the old,? referring that in aim to develop new thoughts have to be accepted. Along with this oust came hot chocolate, which promoted sharpness and clarity of thought. It became the favored drink for scientists, intellectuals, merchants and clerks. Coffee quite of relaxing the mind instead sharpened it and was usually drank during the mornings or during continuous working time. Coffee drinkers argued that with alcohol people had a clouded debate of the world; therefore, coffee was there to clear it. Coffee success is in the first place as a result of the coffee houses. The coffee houses differed from the taverns in which they were a good deal visited by scholars rather than by the common man, and had an surroundings more tranquil and better to think. Coffee houses were used as teaching hubs; there you could tell your thoughts of the book you just read, rebuke about new scientific developments, simply any informa tion you could check in a coffee shop. These were so important that for example, after Hooke demonstrated an improved form of astronomical quadrant a the Royal Society, he repeated his demonstration at Garraway?s coffeehouse. In a certain manner, coffee helped European nations to develop at a faster rate since with coffee and coffee shops people were able to discuss and exchange ideas amongst them. Even today, coffee plays a study role in tutelage our society awake and up to task. Despite its reach, coffee was not able to compete in England with a drink analogous to coffee called tea. During the 17th, 18th and early 19th century, British enjoyed its chromatic reach. As Sir George McCartney described, ?this vast empire on which the sun never sets.? thence it was true since Britain had colonies in America, Asia, and Australia, meaning that the sun was eer seen in any one of the colonies. Britain?s reach during this earned run average was immeasurable and its power imaginable. However as any other empire they necessitate a ?nat! ional? drink. The British opted for tea that had been invigorating the Chinese for quite some time. As coffee, tea promoted, clear thought and the spread of thought. However tea was not well known in Britain until Catherine of Braganza, the wife of Charles II introduced tea to the English court. As any other mayor power, the citizens view their rulers of examples of what to do, so they inferred that drinking tea was good. Even some scientist said that tea had special powers. Such was the case for Cornelius Bontekoe who said, ?We propose tea to the entire nation, and to all peoples!? he declared, ?we urge every man, every woman, to drink it every day; if possible, every instant; outset with ten cups a day and subsequently increasing the dosage?as much as the stomach can take.? superstar of the most important aspects of tea was its economic factor. The East India Company, the largest at its time recorded that sixty percent of its winnings derived from the tea trade. Moreover, ten percent of British tax tax income derived from the tea. Clearly, tea?s economic mould is undeniable. With tea, Britain was able to develop settlements so far away, such as that of Hong Kong. Tea allure in Britain colonies helped Britain in identify more revenue since they created the drinking of tea as away of life. Everyone no matter their social class needed to have their tea at least once a day. As a result, tea was a drink that was so popular that Britain it spread through the world and became the main connecter with Britain. Coca-Cola, perhaps the most well known brand in the world is a carbonated drink that was developed from carbonate Water, or just simply Soda. Coca-Cola was developed by lavatory Pemberton, a pharmacist who lived Atlanta, Georgia. Most people believe that the foot of Coca-Cola was a mistake. However this is false because in fact Pemberton was an undergo medicine fixr and while creating Coca ?Cola he was trying to materialise another remedy for stom ach ache. speckle devising the formula, Pemberton a! dded Coca that has a stimulating effect; later he added the koka leaf from Western Africa. In order to put a name for his invigorating, bonny, quenching beverage he named it ?Coca-Cola? referring to the devil main ingredients of the product. Coca-Coca introduced globalization into our minds. Rather than thinking for a star market, Coca-Cola owners believed in mass production and versatility of the product. Advertisements such as, ?Drink Coca-Cola. delightful and review,? showed the world that the age of reason was light years away and that now it was the dawn of globalization. For Asa Candler the Coca-Cola business turned out to be really profitable. First the product was easy and cheap to green groceries and people paid a lot for each drink. following(a) his purchase of the company came the prohibition period; a period were alcohol consumption was illegal in the United States. Therefore, as a remedy people opted for Coca-Cola. As a result, Coca-Cola enjoyed a relative monop oly in drinks. However this hit hard by the end of prohibition when alcohol reanimated its sale. Right after the prohibition, people said, ?Who would drink ?soft stuff? when real beer and ?he-mans whiskey? could be catched legally?? Furthermore, Coca-Cola was hit even harder with the innovating drink sizes of Pepsi that put forward a similar flavor for a reduced price. Coca-Cola globalization was marked when Coca-Cola set a policy that those fighting the war (World War II) would have a Coca-Cola no matter where they were. The refreshing drink inside that remarkable bottle was so important for the soldiers since it made them feel at home. Also, as people outback(a) the war effort saw the soldiers consuming the drink, they opted to start drinking it. Coca-Cola influence today is undeniable; Coca-Cola is simply globalization in a bottle. Six drinks, each drink including beer, wine, spirits (distilled alcohol), coffee, tea, and coca-cola have been a catalyst for the development of o ur society. Each one has had its renown period and i! ts place in history without them, the world would not be the same, nor as developed as it is today. From the start of civilization, to today extend society each drink has played a major role in our development as a civilized world. However, the drink that we have to pay more tribute is water supply. Through history water has been essential for sustaining human life, but no one has paid respect to such valued item. In less than a century, water will reverse the vapourous oil since only two percent of the whole planets water is drinkable. Although we live in a place where we believe there is sufficient water, there isn?t, and we have to face it. In places such as Darfur and other dry places water has become so essential that instead of fighting for diamonds or any other resources; they are fighting for land in order to obtain at least was necessary for survival. If us (the youth), don?t stop consuming that much we will have to find another remedy for survival because at its abuse water could start lacking in many little places. In the end, we cannot be self-centered and just think of ourselves, we have to also think of taking care of unacknowledged earth. American beverage draw - record of Beverage Products and Companies. American Beverage Association - Beverage Industry parvenus & Resources - Home. 14 Apr. 2008 . Beverages and Drinks - History and Origins of Beverages and Drinks. Inventors. 14 Apr. 2008 . Standage, Tom. A History of the World in 6 Glasses. New York: Walker & Company, 2005. If you want to get a encompassing essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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